Since its inception in the early ’90s, the trading card game (TCG) market has been dominated by three core competitors—Magic: The Gathering, Yu-Gi-Oh! and Pokémon. All are still going strong (some stronger than ever), but they’re upwards of 20 years old. How do these category juggernauts continue to thrive? And is there space for new players?

Two giants of the kids industry are betting big that the answer to this last question is “yes.” The internet was ablaze last summer with news of Germany-based board game publisher Ravensburger’s partnership with Disney to launch a new TCG, Disney Lorcana, in 2023. The game sees players assume the role of Illumineers—powerful sorcerers who use Disney’s treasury of characters, songs and stories to compete against each other in Lorcana’s lore-filled environments.

Asking consumers to essentially sign up for an ongoing, long-term relationship that relies on a physical community of like-minded pals was a bold move. But Ryan Miller, Ravensburger’s brand manager and the co-designer of Disney Lorcana, says the two companies have the right chemistry for a successful joint-venture. “Ravensburger has been interested in the TCG space for a while, but it was important that we first had the right team, support, vision and partner to create a TCG that fans deserve, which will stand the test of time in the market.”

Miller joined Ravensburger North America in 2020 after three separate stints as a brand manager and game designer for Magic: The Gathering at Washington-based Wizards of the Coast. Using this experience, Miller and other card game vets at Ravensburger developed several Disney-branded board games—including Disney Villainous, Space Mountain: All Systems Go and Disney Hocus Pocus: The Game—before getting the greenlight from the House of Mouse to start on Lorcana.

While Lorcana’s First Chapter set is slated for release in fall 2023, the team at Ravensburger teased consumers with a limited-edition set of six cards at Disney’s D23 Expo in September. Featuring newly created artwork of Stitch, Robin Hood, Cruella De Vil, Maleficent, Elsa and Captain Hook, the sets sold out every day at the fan event.

“The response at this year’s D23 Expo completely blew us away,” says Miller. “We had a line that stretched all the way out of the hall, and it proved to us that we’ve really got something special here.”

Throughout the game’s development, Miller has been focused on building Lorcana to appeal to a wide community of collectors and players, which he sees as the most important component of forging a TCG with longevity.

“If it’s too hard for a player to find an opponent, or for a collector to find someone to trade with, the game is unlikely to resonate in the market, regardless of how fun it is,” explains Miller. “You also want it to have lots of interactivity, so that you feel like your skill has a big effect on the game’s outcome. Finally, you need an engaging theme that supports lots of card concepts and collectibility.”

Ravensburger unveiled its first set of Disney Lorcana cards at this year’s D23 Expo in a limited-edition collector’s set

Mark Rosewater, Wizards of the Coast’s head designer for Magic: The Gathering since 2003, agrees that community is the fundamental building block of a successful TCG, and it requires a dedicated experiential marketing plan.

“Through our Wizards Play Network, we run Friday Night Magic events in over 6,000 stores around the world every week,” says Rosewater. “It’s important to us that we are building community around the game at the local level and supporting these small business owners. We also partner with tournament operators on regional and national championships for those who value competition.”

Since pioneering the TCG market and launching its debut card set in 1993, Magic has attracted more than 50 million players to date, Rosewater estimates. Hasbro acquired Wizards in 1999 for nearly US$325 million, and it has become one of the toyco’s three core divisions, alongside entertainment and consumer products. Now, Hasbro has put Wizards at the forefront of its five-year growth strategy, and Magic: The Gathering is on track to become the company’s first billion-dollar brand in yearly revenue.

In the game, Magic players take to the field as Planeswalkers that draw energy from the elements of fire, water, earth, darkness and light to summon otherworldly creatures and cast powerful spells from across the multiverse. After nearly 30 years of releasing new sets and products, Wizards has printed more than 20,000 unique cards that players can use in several gameplay formats, including standard tournament play, booster pack drafts and community created games.

Magic’s recipe for staying successful and relevant in the market for so long is down to its team of designers, artists and editors, who continue to push the game in new directions and try out new themes, says Rosewater.

“The key to keeping Magic exciting is to keep coming up with different ideas for what a set can be. It can be a visit to a fairy tale world, a gothic horror world, or even an underground world filled with dinosaurs.”

Each year, Wizards releases several booster sets that it connects in-game through lore and over-arching stories. In 2020, the game publisher began inking licensing deals with other companies to bring their IPs into Magic and amp up the game’s collectibility, beginning with a collaboration with Japanese prodco Toho that culminated in the release alternate-art versions of cards based on the iconic atomic lizard Godzilla.

Following this inaugural partnership, Wizards has increased the scale and frequency of its co-branded releases, signing new deals with companies including AMC (The Walking Dead), tabletop game specialist Games Workshop (Warhammer) and digital
game developer Riot Games (Arcane).

While Magic’s foundation is in physical products, Wizards also sees opportunity in the multi-billion-dollar video game industry to widen the brand’s player base and move into new markets, notes Rosewater. Since zeroing in on this strategy in 2017, Wizards has launched two free-to-play card games for home consoles and mobile devices—Magic Spellslingers (2022) and Magic: The Gathering Arena (2018)—which together have generated more than a million downloads in the Google Play Store alone.

Meanwhile, New York-based Konami Cross Media has embraced digital gaming for several years as part of its 360-degree global brand strategy for anime-inspired TCG Yu-Gi-Oh!. And this unexpectedly helped the game grow during the pandemic.

“A number of our offices in Europe were figuring out ways to host tournaments because so many of them were closed and in lockdown,” explains Jennifer Coleman, VP of marketing and licensing. “By having a gaming strategy in place, we were able to keep our existing audience and engage with new ones. It also helped bring back players who wanted to re-engage with the game in a more casual way and restart their physical card collections.”

Unlike other TCGs in the market, Yu-GiOh! debuted in Japan in 1996 as a serialized manga series by Kazuki Takahashi. Following its release, Takahashi’s work has been adapted into anime series, games, toy lines and a thriving TCG that has remained strong in the market for nearly 25 years. By continuing to support the property with new content and products, Yu-Gi-Oh! has evolved into a cross-generational brand.

PhatMojo’s new line of collectible mini-figures features several of Yu-Gi-Oh!’s
most iconic monsters, including the Blue-Eyes White Dragon and Exodia.

“Millennials have been a sustaining fan base for us for many years, but now we’re starting to trend with Gen Z and Alpha because of the new anime and licensed products,” says Coleman. “I think that where we’ve been really lucky is that the content has matched the gameplay and the play pattern, which creates this incredible life cycle that we can build by renewing and refreshing the content for new generations.”

Another core element of Konami’s strategy to support the brand is building partnerships outside the TCG space by exploring new product categories like apparel and home decor, as well as less-tapped sub-categories like computer hardware and cosplay.

“Outside of the card game, our audience is also hungry and clamoring for collectibles,” says Coleman. “You’ve got to have everything from super high-end statues down to affordable Funko Pops.” She adds that this strategy helps refresh the audience’s interest and keeps them engaged in the Yu-Gi-Oh! fandom longer, even if they aren’t active in the card game.

“All of these elements have really helped Yu-Gi-Oh! stay in the zeitgeist, which may have not happened if we solely focused on the trading card game,” says Coleman. “Whether it’s managing social media, learning about influencers and streaming, or signing new brand partnerships, we have to continue to change and adapt the way we interact with our audience to keep them engaged and happy.”

This story originally appeared in Kidscreen‘s Feb/March 2023 magazine.